seznam anglických hesel úplný

Seznam anglických hesel úplný

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

7

7TM receptors

A

acetyl-coenzyme A

acetylsalicylic acid

action potential

active hydrogen

active transport

acyl carrier protein

acyl-coenzyme A

acyltransferases

adenosine diphosphate

adenosine monophosphate

adenosine phosphates

adenosine triphosphate

adenylate cyclase

ADP (from adenosine diphosphate)

aerobic fermentation

aerobic respiration

aglycon or aglycone

alcohol dehydrogenase

aldol condensation

alduronic acids

aleurone (or gluten)

allosteric effect

allosteric enzymes

allosteric inhibition of enzymes

alternative splicing

amino acid carbon skeletons

aminoacyl-tRNA ligases

p-aminobenzoic acid

γ-aminobutyrate

γ-aminobutyric acid, GABA

δ-aminolevulinic acid

aminopeptidases

aminotransferases

AMP (from adenosine monophosphate)

amphibolic pathways

amphion net charge

amphion total charge

amphipathic (or amphiphilic) molecules

amphoteric molecules

anabolic steroids

anaerobic respiration

anaplerotic pathways (or sequences)

anaplerotic reactions

animals – classification based on nitrogen excretion

antigenic determinant

antimetabolites

apolipoproteins

ATP (from adenosine triphosphate)

ATP energy unit

autoimmune diseases

B

bacterial chromosome

bacterial photosynthesis

bacteriorhodopsin

BCCP (from Biotin Carboxyl Carrier Protein)

bioaffinity chromatography

biochemical oxygen demand

biogenic amines

biological half-time

biological membrane

bioluminescence

biopolymer cooperative structure

biopolymer covalent structure

biopolymer domain structure

biopolymer native structure

biopolymer non-periodical structure

biopolymer primary structure

biopolymer quarternary (or quaternary) structure

biopolymer secondary structure

biopolymer spacial structure

biopolymer supersecondary structure

biopolymer tertiary structure

biopolymer unordered structure

bisphosphoglycerate

blood lipoproteins

blood platelets

C

C₃, C₄ and CAM plants

C₄-acid cycle

CAM-plants (from Crassulacean Acid Metabolism)

cAMP (from cyclic adenosine-3´,5´-monophosphate)

cancer proliferation

capillary electrophoresis

carbamoyl phosphate

carbonate hydro-lyase

carboxypeptidases

catalytic constant

catalytic groups

cDNA (from complementary DNA)

CDP-diacylglycerol

cell (or cellular) respiration

cell energy charge

cell engineering

cell hybridization

cell inclusions (or inclusion bodies)

cellular (or cell-mediated) immunity

cGMP (from cyclic guanosine-3´,5´-monophosphate)

chaotropic properties

chemiosmotic theory (or coupling)

cholecalciferol

chromogenic substrate

citric acid cycle

clotting factors

co- and post-translational transport of proteins

co-translational modifications

coated vesicle or coated pit

coded amino acids

column chromatography

competitive inhibition of enzymes

complementarity of bases

conformational (or molecular) dynamics

conjugated proteins

conjugation of xenobiotics

constitutive enzymes

constitutive gene

cooperative bond

corticosteroids

cyclic adenosine monophosphate

cystic fibrosis

(cyto)plasmic (or plasmatic) membrane

D

decarboxylation

dehydration (or dehydratation)

dehydrogenation

denitrification

deoxyribonucleic acid

(deoxy)ribonucleotide strand

deoxysugars or deoxy sugars

dextrose (or dectrose)

diacylglycerols

diastereoisomers

differentiation

dihydroxyacetone phosphate

diphosphate (or pyrrophosphate or pyrophosphate)

disulphide bond

disulphide bridge

DNA (from deoxyribonucleic acid)

DNA hybridization

DNA modification

DNA polymerases

DNA recombination

DNA replication

DNA topoisomerases

dolichol phosphate

double helix DNA

drugs (or pharmaceuticals)

dyes or pigments

E

EC (from Enzyme Commission of International Union of Biochemistry)

eicosanoids (or icosanoids)

electromigration methods

electron transport chain (or electron tranfer chain), ETC

electrophoresis

electrostatic interactions

ELISA (from enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay)

endergonic reactions

endoplasmatic (or endoplasmic) reticulum, ER

energy (or energetic) metabolism

enzyme activators

enzyme activity

enzyme activity regulation

enzyme catalogue

enzyme catalytic activity

enzyme cofactors

enzyme electrodes

enzyme kinetics

enzyme molar activity

enzyme nomenclature

enzyme regiospecificity

enzyme-substrate complex

enzymes classification

enzymes: induced-fit model

enzymes: lock-and-key model

equilibrium state or dynamic equilibrium

erythrocyte (or red blood cell or red cell)

essential and non-essential amino acids

essential food factors

ETC (from electron-transport chain)

excited (or excitated) state

exergonic reactions

F

F₀F₁-ATPase

facilitated (or mediated) diffusion

FAD (from flavin adenine dinucleotide)

false fermentation

fatty acid synthase (or synthetase)

fatty acids biosynthesis

fatty acids β-oxidation

feedback inhibition of enzymes

fermentation technologies

flavin adenine dinucleotide

flavin adenine mononucleotide

FMN (from flavin mononucleotide)

folate or folacin

frameshift mutation

G

GDP (from guanosine diposphate)

gel-filtration chromatography

gene modifications

generation time

genetic engineering

genetic information

genetically modified organisms, GMO

genomic library

glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids

glucose 6-phosphate

glucose oxidase

glutamate dehydrogenase

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

glycerol phosphate shuttle

glyoxylate cycle

Goldman equation

Golgi apparatus

Golgi apparatus (or Golgi complex)

group translocation

GTP (from guanosine triphosphate)

guanosine triphosphate

H

hairpin or hairpin loop

HDL (from high density lipoproteins)

hemocoagulation

hemoglobin or haemoglobin

hexose monophosphate shunt

high-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC (not high-pressure)

Hill coefficient

homoiothermic (or warm-blooded) animals

hormones - classification based on activity mechanism

hormones - classification based on chemical character

hormones - classification based on endocrine glands

HPLC (from high-performace liquid chromatography)

humoral immunity

hyaluronic acid

hybridoma technologies

hydrogen bond (or bridge)

hydrogen bridge

hydrophobic interaction chromatography, HIC

hydrophobic interactions

hydroxyl radical

hydroxymethyltransferases

hypervitaminosis

hypovitaminosis

I

immobilized enzymes

immunochemistry

immunoelectrophoresis

immunoglobulins

immunoprecipitation

immunosuppressives

induced (or inducible) enzymes

industrial biotransformation

inherited metabolic disorders

inhibition of enzymes

inhibition of enzymes by the reaction product

initial reaction rate or velocity

initiation codon

initiation point or replication origin

inorganic pyrophosphatase

intermediary metabolism

intermediate filaments

ion-exchange chromatography

irreversible inhibition of enzymes

isocratic process

isoelectric point

isoenzymes (or isozymes)

isooelectric focusing

isopentenyl pyrrophosphate

isoprenoid (or isopren) unit

isoprenoid biosynthesis

isotachophoresis

J

juvenile hormones

K

ketol-isomerases

Krebs-Henseleit cycle

L

lactate dehydrogenase

lactobacillaceae

LDL (from low density lipoproteins)

leader (or signal) sequence (in mRNA)

light and dark reactions of photosynthesis

light-harvesting complex, LHC

limiting rate or velocity

(London) dispersion (or dispersive) forces

lysophospholipids

M

macroergic (or macroenergetic) compounds

”macroergic” bond

macroergic substrates

malate aspartate shuttle

matabolic cycle

mechanism of enzyme action

mechanism of two-substrate enzyme reactions

meiosis (pl. meioses)

membrane (or membrane-bound) enzymes

membrane phosphorylation

membrane potential

membrane proteins

membrane transport

messenger RNA, mRNA

metabolite pool

metabolite pool

metalloproteins

methyltransferases

Michaelis constant

Michaelis-Menten equation

mitochondrion (pl. mitochondria)

monosaccharides

mRNA (from messenger RNA)

mucopolysaccharides

multienzyme complex

multienzyme unit

multifunctional enzymes

multinucleate cells

mutagens or mutagenic agents

N

N-formylmethionine

NAD (from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)

NAD(P)⁺, NAD(P)H

NADP (from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide posphate)

(natural) selection

negative feedback or feedback inhibition

neuraminic acid

neuromodulators

neurotransmitters

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

nitrate reductases

nitrogen balance

nitrogen circulation

NMR (from nuclear magnetic resonance)

non-covalent bond

non-covalent interactions (or weak bonds or non-bonding interactions)

non-proteinogenic amino acids

noncompetitive inhibition of enzymes

nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR

nucleic acid bases

O

Okazaki fragments

oligonucleotides

oligosaccharides

ontogenesis or ontogeny

open reading frame, ORF

optimum pH of enzymes

optimum temperature of enzymes

organisms - classification based on cell organization

organisms - classification based on nutrition demands

organisms - classification based on oxygen demands

ornithine cycle

osmotic pressure

oxaloacetic acid

oxidative deamination

oxidative decarboxylation

oxidative phosphorylation

oxidative stress

oxidoreductases

oxoacids (or, more feequently, ketoacids)

oxygen circulation

oxygen metabolism

oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis

P

palindromic (or palindrom) sequence

pantothenic acid

paper chromatography

PAPS (from posphoadenosine posphosulphate)

passive transport

PCR (from polymerase chain reaction)

peptide synthesis in vitro

peptidyltransferase

permanently open pores

phenylketonuria

phosphatidic acid

phosphatidylinositols

phosphoadenosine phosphosulphate, PAPS

phosphodiester bond

phosphodiesterases

phosphoenolpyruvate, PEP

phosphoinositols

phosphoprotein (or protein) phosphatases

phosphoproteins

5´-phosphoribosyl 1´-pyrrophosphate, PRPP

phosphorolytic cleavage

phosphorylation

photolysis of water

photophosphorylation

photorespiration

photosynthetic pigments

photosynthetically active radiation, PAR

P_i (from inorganic phosphate)

plasma proteins

poikilotermic (or cold-booded) animals

polyadenylate tail (or polyA-tail)

polymerase chain reaction, PCR

polynucleotides

polyploid cells

polysaccharides

post-transcriptional modifications (or processing)

post-translational modifications

PP_i (from inorganic pyrophosphate)

prosthetic groups

protein engineering

protein folding

protein kinases

protein polymorphism

protein sequencing

protein spacial arrangement (or conformation)

protein structural motifs

protein subunits

protein synthesis

proteinogenic (or proteogenic) amino acids

proteins functional classification

proteins molecular shape classification

proteosynthesis

proton motive force, PMF

protoporphyrins

pseudoisoenzymes

purine nucleotides biosynthesis

pyrimidine nucleotides biosynthesis

pyruvate-dehydrogenase complex

pyruvate-malate (or pyruvate/malate) cycle

Q

R

radioimmunoassay, RIA

reaction specificity of enzymes

reactive center

reactive oxygen species, ROS

recombinant proteins

recombinant technologies

red blood cells

reducing equivalent

regulator gene (or gene-regulator)

regulatory work

replication bubble

replication bubble

replication fork

respiration (or respitatory) chain

respiration (or respitatory) chain

respiratory complex II

(respiratory) complexes

respiratory pigments

restriction-modification system

reverse transcription

reversed phase chromatography, RPC

ribonucleic acid

ribosomal RNA, rRNA

ribozymes (from ribonucleic enzymes)

ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase

RNA (from ribonucleic acid)

RNA interference (RNAi)

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase)

S

S (from Svedberg)

S-adenosyl-methionine, SAM or AdoMet

saponifiable lipids

sarcoplasmatic (or sarcoplasmic) reticulum

second messenger

secondary metabolism

secretion vesicle

sedimentation coefficient

sequence homology

sickle cell anemia

signal amplification

signal cascades

signal recognition particles, SRP

signal sequence or pre-sequence (in protein)

simple (or physical) diffusion

simple (or unconjugated) proteins

sn (from stereochemical numbering)

species, pl. species

specific activity of enzyme

stereospecificity of enzymes

structural gene

structural homology

structural proteins

substrate dissociation constant

substrate inhibition of enzymes

substrate specificity of enzymes

substrate-level phosphorylation

succinyl-coenzyme A

sulphur circulation

superoxide dismutase, SOD

superoxide radical

supramolecular structure

synonymous codons

T

template strand

tensides or surfactants

termination codons (or STOP-codons)

tetrahydrfolate

tetrahydrofolic acid, THF

thin-layer chromatography, TLC

thiolytic cleavage

total hydrolysis of proteins

transelectronases

transfer RNA, tRNA

transgenic organisms

transhydrogenases

transport by diffusion

triacylglycerols

triacylglycerols and phosphatidates biosynthesis

tricarboxylic acid cycle, TCA-cycle

tRNA (from transfer RNA)

turnover number

two-dimensional (or 2D) chromatography

two-dimensional (or 2D) electrophoresis

U

uncompetitive inhibition of enzymes

V

van der Waals forces

van der Waals interactions or (forces) (vdW-forces)

van der Waals radius

van ´t Hoff equation

VLDL (from very low density lipoproteins)

W

white blood cells

X

X-ray crystalography (or diffraction)

xenobiochemistry

xenobiotics biotransformation

Z